or effect”. As a consequence, the definition covers not only intentional dis- crimination, but also laws, norms and practices which appear neutral, but result in discrimination in their impact.
Parties to the Convention agree to eliminate discrimination in the enjoyment of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights and to provide effective remedies against any acts of racial discrimination through national tribunals and State institutions. States parties undertake not to engage in acts or prac- tices of racial discrimination against individuals, groups of persons or institu- tions and to ensure that public authorities and institutions do likewise; not to sponsor, defend or support racial discrimination by persons or organizations; to review government, national and local policies and to amend or repeal laws and regulations which create or perpetuate racial discrimination; to prohibit and put a stop to racial discrimination by persons, groups and organizations; and to encourage integration or multiracial organizations, movements and other means of eliminating barriers between races, as well as to discourage anything which tends to strengthen racial divisiveness.
The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination was established by the Convention to ensure that States parties fulfil their obligations. As at March 2000, 155 States were parties to the Convention.